This day in history – November 11

• 1493 Explorer Christopher Columbus discovers Saba.

• 1634 Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes “An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery”.

• 1640 Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, impeached by the House of Lords on the evidence of John Pym, and imprisoned in the Tower of London; he was later executed.

• 1647 Massachusetts passes first compulsory school attendance law in the American colonies.

• 1675 German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = f(x) function

• 1865 Mary Edward Walker, the first US Army female surgeon, awarded Medal of Honor

• 1880 Australian Bushranger and outlaw Ned Kelly is hanged at Melbourne Gaol.

• 1890 D McCree patents portable fire escape.

• 1895 Bechuanaland becomes part of Cape Colony.

• 1909 J M Synge’s “Tinker’s Wedding” premieres in London.

• 1918 Armistice signed by the Allies and Germany comes into effect, WW I hostilities end at 11am.

• 1920 The burials of unknown soldiers take place simultaneously in Westminster Abbey, London, and at the Arc de Triomphe, Paris.

• 1921 US President Warren G. Harding dedicates Tomb of Unknown Soldier at Arlington Cemetery.

• 1923 Eternal flame lit for tomb of unknown solder, Arc de Triumph.

• 1925 Louis Armstrong records 1st of Hot Five & Hot Seven recordings.

• 1930 Patent number US1781541 was awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.

• 1933 Billie Holiday’s second song and first hit, “Riffin’ the Scotch”, is released

• 1937 Nobel prize for physics awarded to C J Davisson and GP Thomson.

• 1947 “Gentlemen’s Agreement” directed by Elia Karan and starring Gregory Peck and Dorothy McGuire premieres in New York (Best Picture 1948).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CE1zjr9-RIA

• 1954 Publication of “Two Towers”, 2nd volume of “Lord of the Rings”, by J. R. R. Tolkien by George Allen and Unwin in London.

• 1961 “Catch-22” by Joseph Heller is published by Simon and Schuster in New York.

• 1965 Rhodesia proclaimed independence from Britain by PM Ian Smith.

• 1968 John Lennon and Yoko Ono appear nude on cover of “2 Virgins” album.

• 1969 Beatles with Billy Preston release “Get Back” in UK.

• 1969 Jim Morrison arrested on an airplane by FBI for drunkeness.

• 1975 Angola gains independence from Portugal.

• 1982 Gas explosion in Israeli army headquarters near Tyre; kills 60.

• 1987 van Gogh’s “Irises” sells for record $53.6-million at auction.

• 1988 Oldest known insect fossils (390 million yrs) reported in Science.

• 1994 Bill Gates buys Leonardo da Vinci’s “Codex” for $30 800 000.

• 2001 Journalists Pierre Billaud, Johanne Sutton and Volker Handloik are killed in Afghanistan during an attack on the convoy they were traveling on top off.

• 2004 Yasser Arafat’s death through unidentified causes confirmed by Palestine Liberation Organization, Mahmoud Abbas elected PLO chairman minutes later.

• 2012 12 people are killed by a magnitude 6.8 earthquake in Burma.

• 2013 Four people are killed and eight are injured after a building catches fire in Mumbai, India.

• 2013 100 people are killed in a tropical cyclone in the Puntland region, Somalia.

• 2013 “The Hunger Games: Catching Fire” directed by Francis Lawrence starring Jennifer Lawrenceand Josh Hutcherson premieres in London.

• 2014 The captain of the South Korean ferry which sank in April is found guilty of gross negligence and sentenced to 36 years in prison.

• 2014 An Italian appeals court overturns a manslaughter conviction against 6 scientists for failing to give adequate warning of a deadly earthquake.

• 2014 The people of Catalonia in north-eastern Spain vote in a disputed and non-binding poll on independence.

• 2014 58 people are killed in a bus crash in the Sukkur District, Pakistan.

• 2015 Montreal begins a controversial dumping of raw sewage (2.1bn gallons) into the St Lawrence River.

• 2015 Flawless 12 carat Blue Moon Diamond sells for $48.4-million at auction in Geneva.

Source: www.onthisday.com