Managing diabetes through the festive season

Few people, other than those living with diabetes, fully understand the psychological burden of managing type 1 or type 2 diabetes and the daily effort it takes to successfully control such a serious condition over the long term.

“The alarming statistic that four out of five diabetics worldwide at some point experience ‘diabetic burnout’, struggling to manage their treatment, is very concerning. No one chooses diabetes, yet unless it is properly monitored and controlled, it can lead to immediate and lifelong health risks,” says pharmacist Sameera Kumandan of Medipost Pharmacy.

“Ahead of the holiday season, it is especially important to ensure a continuous supply of your oral or injectable diabetes medication and to stick to your routine. This helps avoid some of the potential dangers and temptations that can easily distract you from keeping your blood glucose levels within a healthy range at this time of year.”

Kumandan explains that both very high and very low blood glucose levels can quickly become medical emergencies.

“Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when blood sugar levels become dangerously high, often caused by missed insulin doses or insufficient insulin in the body, and may require hospitalisation. On the other hand, very low blood sugar levels, known as hypoglycaemia, can result in seizures, loss of consciousness, or even coma,” she warns.

“Sometimes patients are tempted to overcompensate with insulin or other medications when they know they have not been adhering to their treatment plan or diet. This can be dangerous unless done under a healthcare practitioner’s guidance. It is not recommended at all, as it can cause extreme glucose fluctuations that may severely harm the body,” she adds.

“With any chronic or lifelong illness, maintaining a daily routine is crucial and helps reduce the stress of navigating life. With diabetes, disrupted treatment can lead to extreme levels of either hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia, causing damage to the body’s organs, blood vessels, and nerves.

“We are here to support our patients to help avoid the long-term, repetitive damage that can lead to loss of cognitive function, permanent organ damage, poor wound healing, gangrene from poor blood circulation, and other chronic complications linked to diabetes.

“To help prevent irreversible harm to the eyes, kidneys, heart, nerves, and blood vessels, consistent monitoring and control of blood glucose is essential throughout the year. This helps prevent the extremes of high or low blood sugar that may lead to diabetic coma and, tragically, can sometimes be fatal,” she says.

Tools to help manage diabetes
Glucometers, glucose testing strips, lancets, and insulin pumps help track and control blood sugar levels. Some glucometers automatically record readings digitally.

Insulin pumps and sensors known as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) continuously monitor blood glucose levels and administer the correct amount of insulin. These can be used without the person having to check their blood sugar or inject themselves manually.

“Diabetes is a lifelong illness that does not take a holiday. If you have diabetes, please continue with your medication, monitor glucose levels, watch your diet over the festive season, and enjoy treats in moderation by choosing healthier alternatives wherever possible,” Kumandan advises.

“If you are travelling, remember to pack enough medication and keep a copy of your prescription and pictures of your medication on your phone in case you forget or lose it.”

Three fundamentals from a pharmacist
Kumandan says that when people with diabetes are empowered to understand their condition better, it becomes easier to cope with daily.

Tip 1: “Try to understand your prescribed medication better. Talk to your caring and knowledgeable pharmacy team in any official South African language. This understanding will help you optimise when and how to take your medication and highlight how crucial it is to remain consistent with your treatment plan.”

Tip 2: “Even when you think you have your diabetes under control, monitor your blood glucose levels and keep a record to identify trends. Remember to have regular check-ins with your doctor for physical examinations and the necessary tests to ensure your medication remains suitable for your condition.”

Tip 3: “A healthy lifestyle is part of your treatment plan. Even though you are on medication to help your body manage the condition, what you eat and how much you exercise make a big difference. Avoid alcohol and smoking and find healthy ways to manage stress.”