Hand, foot and mouth disease spreads

The KZN Department of Health has provided an update on the latest number of confirmed cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in the province.

On Monday this week, the total number of confirmed cases stood at 168, with Ugu District at 20.

These cases emanate from primary schools and daycare centres.

Since the first six cases were reported between February 6 and 10, outbreak teams have been visiting the affected schools to investigate the growing incidence of the disease.

In all instances, learners were found to be suffering from flu-like symptoms, as well as blisters and swollen hands.

The department emphasises the importance of maintaining hygiene, which includes frequent hand washing, no sharing of utensils (such as cutlery, cups and toothbrushes) and opening windows to allow air to circulate.

Furthermore, the department urges all parents and caregivers to regularly clean surfaces and avoid sharing items such as toys and stationery.

The spokesperson for the department, Ntokozo Maphisa, said that they are concerned about these numbers but at the same time, appeals for calm.

“It is important for people to understand HFMD, including what it is, how it can be prevented, its symptoms, and how it is transmitted,” he said.

“We urge parents to ensure that children have no direct contact with persons who are ill. Those who are affected by HFMD, with severe disease or complications, are urged to visit the nearest healthcare facility. Learners who are symptomatic of HFMD should be kept at home until they feel better.”

HFMD is a fairly common viral infection which mainly affects infants and children. It is caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses. It usually occurs in small outbreaks at crèches/daycare centres during the summer and autumn months.

Children under the age of 10 are at greatest risk of infection. It is not common in adults, but people with weak immune systems may be prone to infection.

HFMD is spread from person to person by direct contact or by droplets from the mouth or nose of an infected person. The virus may also be spread through contaminated objects and faeces.

The disease does not occur in animals and should not be confused with foot and mouth disease (also called hoof-and-mouth disease) that affects animals such as cattle.

Symptoms usually start three to seven days after infection, and last between seven to 10 days.

Common signs and symptoms include fever, sore throat, tiredness, loss of appetite, and small blisters on the inside of the mouth, sides of the tongue, palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

There is no specific vaccine or treatment for HMFD. Individual symptoms such as fever and pain from sores can be treated with medication. Affected individuals are encouraged to rest and drink plenty of water.

A small minority of individuals with HMFD may need to be admitted to the hospital for treatment of complications. Infected individuals with severe disease or complications must go to the nearest healthcare facility.

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