Protect your largest organ against the sun

Skin cancers are the most common type of cancer and affect people of all ages and races.

In South Africa, high levels of ultraviolet radiation from the sun place community members at greater risk of developing skin cancer.

According to Dr Ayesha Omar, a dermatologist practising at Netcare Linksfield Hospital, the skin is our largest organ.

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“With South Africans’ love of the outdoors, we have a high prevalence of skin cancers in our country.”

The most significant types of skin cancer are melanoma skin cancer and basal cell as well as squamous cell cancer.

“Non-melanoma cancers, such as basal cell as well as squamous cell cancer can usually be treated successfully if detected early enough,” she said.

“Melanoma cancer, however, is more serious because it tends to spread. It can develop within a mole you already have on your skin or appear suddenly as a dark spot on the skin that looks different from the rest,” said Omar.

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It is vital to visit a dermatologist if any of the below questions are answered yes:
• Symmetry: is one side of the mole bigger or a different shape from the other?
• Border: is the outline of the mole irregular?
• Colour: does the mole have multiple colours or shades?
• Diameter: is the mole larger than six millimetres in diameter or rapidly growing?
• Growth: has the mole changed? Is it bleeding or itchy?
Omar said early detection is key.
“Any suspicious mole should be inspected by a dermatologist for any potential abnormalities. If needed, the mole should be surgically removed and sent for histopathology to determine whether further investigation and referral to a surgeon or oncologist may be needed.”

Individual risk factors
Omar said recommended screening frequency depends on a person’s individual risk factors.

This is assessed by a dermatologist but it is usually annually.

“People of all races can be at risk for skin cancer, particularly those who have a family risk of cancer or have had cancer previously, people who smoke, immunocompromised individuals and those taking immunosuppressant medications.

“Fair-skinned people, especially blondes and redheads with light colour eyes, are at high risk because their skin has less melanin pigment.

Melanin pigment offers some protection against skin cancer
“People who have lots of freckles and moles should also discuss their personal risk with a dermatologist,” she said.

Defend yourself from the sun
Omar said there is no such thing as a healthy tan.

She said apart from the sun’s UV rays, tanning beds also pose a serious risk.

“People working outdoors and those playing sports such as water polo, cricket, golf, bowls and others spending hours in the sun must take extra precautions to protect their skin. As South Africans, we must take the risks of skin cancer seriously and not become complacent at any time of year.

“Everyday precautions against UV radiation and dermatological screenings are an investment in your long-term health,” said Omar.

Preventative advice
• Apply sunscreen with a minimum sun protection factor of 30.
• Apply sunscreen at least 15 minutes before heading outdoors.
• Reapply regularly every two hours, and more often if in the water.
• Use products endorsed by the Cancer Association of SA.
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat.
• Use a parasol or umbrella, to shade yourself from the sun.
• Wear protective clothing items endorsed by CANSA.

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