In recent weeks Mpumalanga experienced prolonged heavy rainfall, with some families having to vacate their houses.
Mpumalanga News spoke with a specialist in geography, biology, and environmental sciences at the University of Mpumalanga (UMP), Prof Wisemen Chingombe.

He shared his analysis on the risks of building on slopes in and around Mpumalanga without an engineering assessment being done.
He said building on a sloped site presents unique challenges that require careful planning and engineering.

While hillside properties can offer stunning views and a unique architectural appeal, they also pose significant risks that must be addressed to ensure a safe, stable structure.

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From soil erosion to increased construction costs, developing on uneven terrain demands specialised solutions to mitigate potential hazards.

In Mpumalanga, building on steep slopes poses several risks that must be carefully managed to ensure safety and stability. He said these include soil erosion, drainage and water management, foundation design and structural integrity, accessibility and safety.

“These risks highlight the importance of thorough geotechnical analysis and engineering solutions to mitigate potential hazards and ensure safe, long-lasting construction. Clarifying existing regulations and identifying gaps can help stakeholders understand why stricter enforcement is necessary to prevent unsafe developments,” Chingombe explained.

“Across Mbombela, one of the key concerns we observe is the construction of buildings on slopes, which poses a threat to soil stability and erosion. The natural movement of soil can lead to landslides or shifting foundations, threatening a building’s integrity over time.”

He said areas such as Matsafeni and parts of KaNyamazane have experienced flash floods, which have caused damage to roads and houses. Foundation design and structural integrity are of concern if not adequately planned for in residential areas that are increasingly growing in and around the municipality.

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“Unlike flat sites, sloped terrain requires specialised foundation solutions, such as retaining walls or deep piling, to support the structure’s weight and prevent movement. These additional requirements contribute to higher construction costs and engineering challenges, as the complexity of excavation, material transportation and labour cost increases. Such considerations are not taken into account in many construction projects we see around Tekwane North and the surrounding sections of the communities,” he added.

According to Chingombe, safety concerns also extend to the long-term stability of the built structure and its surroundings. Sloped sites are more susceptible to landslides, rockfalls and soil shifting, which can pose a danger to the building and its occupants.