May is approaching, which marks the beginning of the flu season.

South African health authorities report that about 11 000 deaths occur each year because of flu, with around 50 000 hospitalisations.

In light of this, it is essential to know how to prevent or combat flu, with advice provided by general practitioner Dr Lionel de Gouveia and Ballito nutritionist Kerryn Wuth.

Dr De Gouveia of North Coast House Calls said trillions of bacteria, collectively known as the microbiome, live in the human body as guests.

These bacteria safeguard our skin, aid digestion and absorption in the gut, and maintain the health of the “gut-brain connection”.

The entire microbiome community works together to prevent new infections, and exposure to new bacteria or germs keeps the microbiome healthy, just as exercise does for muscles.

Germs and bacteria are required to maintain a healthy immune system.

However, the body may not always cope with the influx of germs, particularly with reduced levels of Vitamin D which is vital for a healthy immune system.

People tend to get less of it during the colder months when we spend more time indoors instead of out in the sun.

Dr de Gouveia recommended treating flu symptoms as they arise, managing them by resting at home and maintaining vitamin and fluid intake.

He also suggests steaming or showering for longer periods to decongest the nose.

Other means of treating symptoms include using strong-smelling balm solutions or tinctures, consuming soups and citrus fruits, gargling salt water, and drinking homemade teas containing ginger, lemon, and honey.

He also suggested exposure to sunlight.

During winter, when people tend to stay indoors and spend more time in confined spaces, flu is more easily transmitted and Dr de Gouveia advised distancing oneself from others with symptoms such as runny noses, watery eyes, sneezing, and coughing.

He recommended vaccines for those at risk of severe illness.

“Getting the flu vaccine annually can help lessen the symptoms and complications by preparing the immune system for the current circulating strains of the influenza virus.”

Wuth stressed the importance of maintaining adequate nutrition but also cautioned against overloading the body.

A diet high in nutrient-dense foods must be followed, while processed and manufactured foods should be avoided. Select foods in their original form, or as close to it as possible.

She said plant-based meals contained beneficial phytonutrients and phytochemicals that trigger defence mechanisms in our cells, making us more resilient. To further boost immunity, Wuth

recommended a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced sleep routine, adequate water intake, gut health-boosting foods and moderate-intensity exercise.

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