Although they can affect men as well, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are quite frequent, particularly among women.
In essence, a urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by bacteria that infiltrate your urinary system, typically the kidney or bladder, and cause a variety of discomfort and irritation.

Many people experience at least one UTI in their lifetime, but some people have recurrent UTIs, which are defined as having two infections in a six-month period or three or more in a year. That is abnormal and typically indicates that there is another issue that need treatment.

Why do UTIs recur?

Women’s anatomy facilitates the entry of microorganisms into the bladder because the urethra is shorter, germs have a shorter journey.

Other factors may also be involved, such as:

• Menopause, as decreasing oestrogen levels impair the bladder’s natural defences.
• Sexual activity, which can force bacteria into the urinary tract.
  Using strong cleansers or sprays in the genital area.
• Not emptying the bladder completely, frequently due to a weak pelvic floor.
• Pregnancy, which alters how the bladder functions.

Recurrent UTIs are frequently more severe in men.

They may result from:

• Kidney or bladder stones.
• An enlarged prostate that may obstruct urine flow.
• A restricted urinary channel (stricture), and persistent bacterial prostatitis. 

Any UTI in a male is uncommon and requires a complete examination.

What should you be aware of?

The typical symptoms include:

• Cloudy, odorous, or bloody urine
• Burning or pain when urinating.
• Discomfort in the lower abdomen or bladder area.

Indications that indicate a more critical situation and the need for immediate assistance:

• Chills and fever
• Back or side pain (which may indicate a kidney infection.
• Confusion, particularly in older persons.

How do you handle recurrent urinary tract infections?

Seeing a urologist is important since the course of treatment relies on the underlying cause of the issue.

In the short term, you’ll probably receive antibiotics, a pain reliever, and a lot of fluids to help flush out the bacteria.

For long-term prevention, doctors might suggest:

• Low-dose antibiotics for several months (prophylactic antibiotics).
• A single antibiotic pill after sex (if sex tends to trigger infections).
• Supplements like cranberry extract or D-mannose (these help some people).
• Vaginal oestrogen for postmenopausal women to help restore natural protection.
• Treating prostate issues in men.
• Removing stones or fixing any blockages.
• Pelvic floor physiotherapy for women who have trouble emptying their bladder.
• Lifestyle tweaks, like drinking more water, avoiding harsh soaps, and not holding in urine.

Finding and fixing the underlying cause is vital, especially if you’re getting recurrent infections.

When is the right time to consult a urologist?

Make an appointment if you have any of the following symptoms:

• Blood in your urine
• Antibiotics are no longer effective.
• You frequently need to get up in the middle of the night to urinate.
• You’re a male with any UTI
• You have a UTI and have a fever or back pain.
• You have had UTIs during pregnancy.
• Your symptoms persist even when your urine tests appear normal (this could be pelvic floor issues or bladder pain syndrome).

An ultrasound, urine culture, or a scope to examine your bladder are some of the tests that a urologist may perform. To determine what’s wrong and how to remedy it, you may occasionally require a scan.

Most patients can ultimately break the cycle and permanently stop the infections with the appropriate workup and personalised treatment plan.
Don’t ignore frequent UTIs; getting checked out early improves your condition and prevents reoccurrence.

The information is shared on condition that readers will make their own determination, including seeking advice from a healthcare professional. E&OE. Life Healthcare Group Ltd does not accept any responsibility for any loss or damage suffered by the reader as a result of the information provided.