Food allergies and eczema (atopic dermatitis) are becoming increasingly common in children worldwide.

While genetics play an important role, growing evidence suggests that what a mother eats during pregnancy and breastfeeding may also influence her baby’s developing immune system and reduce the risk of allergic disease.

Eat a varied, balanced diet
One of the strongest findings is the importance of diet quality and variety. Mothers who eat a wide range of nutritious foods during pregnancy appear less likely to have children who develop food allergies. Rather than avoiding common allergens unnecessarily, a balanced, varied diet may help expose the developing immune system to a broader range of food proteins.

A Mediterranean-style eating pattern has also shown promising benefits. Rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, fish, extra-virgin olive oil and nuts, it has been linked to a lower risk of eczema in children. These foods provide healthy fats, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients that support both mother and baby.

Don’t avoid allergens without medical advice
Current evidence does not support routinely avoiding allergenic foods during pregnancy unless medically necessary. Studies have found that mothers who ate peanuts during the first trimester were less likely to have children who later developed a peanut allergy. This supports current guidelines, which do not recommend maternal avoidance diets to prevent allergies in healthy pregnancies.

Support a healthy gut
The gut microbiome is another important area of research. Some studies suggest that probiotics taken during pregnancy, and continued after birth for babies, may reduce the risk of certain food allergies, including cow’s milk and egg allergy. Although more research is needed, eating fermented foods such as yoghurt, where appropriate, may help support a healthy gut.

Choose healthy fats
Omega-3 fatty acids found in oily fish such as sardines, salmon and pilchards may lower the risk of food allergies in early childhood. In contrast, diets high in processed foods and excessive omega-6 fats have been linked to an increased risk of allergic conditions.

Limit ultra-processed foods
Perhaps the strongest dietary link is with ultra-processed foods. Research has found that a high intake during pregnancy is associated with more than double the risk of eczema developing during a baby’s first year. Limiting sugary drinks, processed meats, confectionery and packaged snacks while choosing fresh, minimally processed foods may benefit both mother and baby.

While no single food can prevent allergies, a nutritious, varied diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding provides the best foundation for lifelong health. If you have concerns about food allergies, pregnancy nutrition or breastfeeding, consult a registered dietitian for personalised advice.

Nutrition Innovated dietitian and lactation consultant Claire McHugh has over 20 years experience. Specialising in infant and paediatric nutrition, Claire emphasises the importance of nourishing the entire family. Claire is based at Northcare Medical in Simbithi. Contact:
032 815 0630.