Given the early arrival of the flu season and the dominance of circulating strains, health authorities are urging the public – especially high-risk individuals, such as the elderly, young children, pregnant women and those with chronic conditions – to prioritise flu vaccination and seek medical care early if flu-like symptoms develop.
Observed annually on May 5, World Hand Hygiene Day underscores the critical role of handwashing in curbing the spread of infectious diseases, particularly during the colder months when illnesses like influenza and respiratory infections rise.
According to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), the 2025 flu season began exceptionally early, starting in the week of March 24 (week 13) – making it the earliest onset in more than a decade.
This marks a significant shift, as the 2024 season only began four weeks later, in late April.
Data from the NICD’s pneumonia surveillance programme also confirms that the most prevalent influenza strain currently in circulation is influenza, which accounts for 68% of lab-confirmed cases to date.
Respiratory illnesses, like colds and flu, are transmitted through droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces, making hand hygiene an essential barrier against infection. The World Health Organisation emphasises that proper hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare settings and the community.
Key times to wash hands include:
Before and after eating and preparing food;
When caring for someone at home who is sick with vomiting/diarrhea;
Before and after treating wounds;
After using the toilet, changing nappies or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet;
After coughing or sneezing;
After touching animals or their waste;
After touching dirt, and when coming home from public places.