Duduza – Professional nurse Nhlanhla Mofokent educates on the importance of women getting pap smears. She broadened the public’s understanding by defining cervical cancer, saying it occurs when abnormal cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina, begin to grow uncontrollably.

“The main cause is persistent infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which is a very common virus spread mainly through sexual contact.

“It is one of the most preventable cancers in women, yet it remains a leading cause of cancer deaths where screening is not done regularly. In the early stages, cervical cancer often has no symptoms. This is why screening is so important,” she stated.

She highlighted the following symptoms:
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after sex, between periods, or after menopause)
• Unusual vaginal discharge (watery, bloody, or foul-smelling)
• Pelvic pain or pain during sex
• Advanced stages may cause difficulty urinating, leg swelling, or back pain

She mentioned that a pap smear, also called a pap test, is a simple procedure where a healthcare provider collects cells from the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) to check for any abnormal changes.

“These changes could indicate infection, pre-cancer, or cervical cancer. Pap smears can detect abnormal cells before they turn into cancer, allowing treatment early when it is most effective and that may save lives,” she added.

“Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women, but it can be prevented or treated successfully if detected early.”

She highlighted the following as important aspects of a pap smear:
• It is prevention, not just treatment. Detecting precancerous changes means doctors can stop cancer before it develops.
• Checks for HPV (Human Papillomavirus) effects. HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. A pap smear can pick up cell changes caused by HPV.
• Promotes peace of mind. A normal result reassures you that your cervical health is in good condition.
• Part of routine women’s health. Regular screening helps build a health history and ensures continuous monitoring over time.

When is it important to do the test?
• Start at age 21: Every woman should begin pap smear screening at 21 years old, regardless of sexual activity.
• Ages 21 to 29: Pap smear every three years (if results are normal).
• Ages 30 to 65: Pap smear every three years, or pap smear and HPV test every five years.
• Above 65 years: Testing may stop if results have been normal for many years (as advised by a doctor).

Extra testing may be needed if you are at higher risk, such as:
• Having tested positive for HIV
• Having a weakened immune system
• History of abnormal pap smears

She concluded by citing that the Department of Health provides free HPV vaccines for Grade 5 schoolgirls (around age nine) in public schools, which prevents 70% to 90% of cervical cancers.

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